Describe the brief evolution of computers

TECHNOLOGY TIMELIME

3500 BC : The Summerians develop cuneiform writing
In 1500 BC : The Phoenicians develop the alphabet
In 105 BC : Tsai lun of china invented paper
In 1454 : Creation of a printing machine
In 1793 : Telegraph line was invented
In 1876 : Telephone was introduce
In 1925 : Television was introduce
In 1941 : Computer was created
In 1958 : Photocopier machine was introduced
In 1963 : The communication satellite was introduced
In 1969 : The first internet known as ARPANET was introduced

GENERATION OF COMPUTERS

1. First generation 1940-1956 - VACUUM TUBE

• used vacuum tube
• electronic tube made by glass used as computer components to store and process data
• ENIAC is first generation computer that contains of weights of 30 tons,18000 vacuum tubes, 30-50 foot space and 16000 watts of power

2. Second generation computers(1956-1963) - TRANSISTOR

• · Transistors replace vacuum tubes. Transistors are small devices that transfer electronic signal across resistor.

• · Transistor do not produced lots of heats and use less power also faster, cheaper and smaller than vacuum tubes.

3. Third generation computers(1964-1971) - INTERGRATED CIRCUIT - Litar bersepadu

• · Integrated circuits (IC) replaced transistor.

• · An IC is a complete electronic circuit on a small chip made of silicone.

• · IC was reliable, compact and cheaper than transistors.

4. Fourth generation computers(1971-present) - MIKROPROSESSOR

• · Microprocessor was introduced, from thousand of integrated circuits change onto single silicone chip.

• · The Intel 4004 chip developed in 1971, located all the components of the computer from the central processing units and memory to input/output controls on a single chip.

• · Computer is 100 times smaller than ENIAC computer in first generation.

5. Fifth generation computer(present – beyond)

• Based on artificial intelligence are still in development though there are some applications such as voice recognition that are being used today